Review of 8 Oz Kartex Brand Sunforger Water and Mildew Repellency Treated Fabric
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Sorcerer of Oz (1939) had then much going on behind the emerald curtain and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy earth.
In honor of the 80th ceremony of the movie, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that drape and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved picture a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
As a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum's Oz serial, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 film adaptation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Three days earlier filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the terminate, Hamilton was on set for three months, just many of her scenes were cut for beingness too scary for audiences.
Dorothy'southward Original Look Was More Motion picture Star Than Subcontract Daughter
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, simply that doesn't mean Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-sometime Garland had to wearable a corset-like device and so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland article of clothing a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (every bit whatever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate managing director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart motility.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Movie Magic
The Sorcerer of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects squad spread black ink beyond the lesser of a drinking glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in opposite and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — Westward W West."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
Ane of the Wicked Witch'south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the consequence of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than breathy toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It'due south actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the fabric were known at the time, it was still Hollywood's preferred selection for faux snow. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more than ways than ane for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin Homo'due south aluminum makeup acquired a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup feel was better than Ebsen's, he even so had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, consummate with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. Afterward the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a twelvemonth to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set up
In a burst of flames and cherry-red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the burn down flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and 3rd-degree burns on her hands and face. To brand matters worse, the crew tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch'due south legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're chosen in the source cloth — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Well-nigh as scary every bit the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of pianoforte wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on man marionettes), filmmakers fabricated miniature rubber monkeys to aid populate the heaven.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one's surprise, the American Film Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #i on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was well-nigh cut from the moving picture.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song's significant. Luckily, this unfounded business concern melted similar lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Permit Jack Haley to Residual Piece of cake
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a 90-pound panthera leo costume, Jack Haley didn't have it like shooting fish in a barrel either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face up and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin can" body and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was and then strong that he had to lean against a board to remainder properly. Many years later, thespian Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Man Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast equally the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'south new character, the Tin Man, caused him a globe of issues. Namely, the character'southward silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed upwards the makeup), merely didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to Run across the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of applied special effects that actually hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-pes long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun it effectually miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Confronting the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is simply a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and then reversed the footage to go far await similar the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Upwards Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an upshot in Hollywood. For case, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular grapheme in Walt Disney'due south Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to brand roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'southward pay was better than Caselotti'due south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it all the same didn't reflect the picture show's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week as Toto. A existent yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the bodily panthera leo used in the studio's championship carte — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the rubber of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing animate being, the costume department fashioned Lahr a ninety-pound outfit fabricated from real lion peel. However, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'due south nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The picture started shooting in October of 1938 simply didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking upwards an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $50 one thousand thousand adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the moving-picture show only earned $3 million at the box office — nearly $51.8 million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era pic, call back that Disney fabricated $viii one thousand thousand with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz's modest success in the U.Southward. barely covered production and picture show rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — but success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was just 16 years sometime when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became fond to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to help them sleep after studios shot them upwards with adrenaline and so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a author for Limited, "[Garland] was molested past older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than than their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, java and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Magician of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'south feature-length animated moving picture Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a boom-hitting. Not just did the film revolutionize the animation manufacture, it also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snowfall White — and so the most successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, merely MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited function in Oz. During the Tin Human'southward "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby-red Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silvery, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red color would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed past MGM'due south principal costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about two,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'south National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpeting at that place several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype adventure story, and Dorothy'south quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Even so, despite all these scenic locations, nigh all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to ship audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the well-nigh beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special furnishings and can oft be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Can Man spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch'south guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In improver to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton too believed her grapheme was more than but your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years subsequently the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'south costume to show kids information technology was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the graphic symbol.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was also a pitiful, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked likewise takes this approach to the Witch'south character.
The "Horse of a Unlike Color" Was Fabricated Possible Cheers to a Food Product
In 1939, audiences were but as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the horse in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food detail…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move speedily — the animals were eager to lick upwardly the sugariness treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-drawn carriage was in one case owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Actress Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since almost of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Nearly actors had to go far earlier v:00 in the morning time — six days a week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill up the Film
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the nearly quoted lines in pic history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the motion-picture show's lines on the listing.
"Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "In that location's no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the motion-picture show is incredible. Like the "equus caballus of a dissimilar color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly afterward Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the cherry slippers from the immature daughter's feet. Notwithstanding, fire strikes the Witch'due south hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to brand information technology look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was office fun and role problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which often heated the set upwardly to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized form. For example, the white part of Dorothy'due south apparel is actually pink — simply because it filmed meliorate. And the oil the Can Man is so excited about? Information technology's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than 1 Advent
Part of the Wicked Witch of the W'due south beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the Eastward, who was the short-lived owner of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the Westward and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if but briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the carmine slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cut Downwards Several Times
The starting time cutting of the film clocked in at a running time of 120 minutes. Although that seems like goose egg by today'south Marvel motion-picture show standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Later cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (summit right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the picture was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2nd preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the Westward performance as well frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Only non anybody thought her functioning was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were actually friends. 1 story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a wearing apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'due south Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the 24-hour interval of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," every bit opposed to the more apt "Colour Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem equally though the unabridged motion picture was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
Information technology'southward widely believed this was a bit of a stunt washed to heighten the surprise of the picture turning into total three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the fourth dimension of the film's debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), calculation credence to this theory.
One of History'due south Virtually-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved pop in theaters, another film released the same yr, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box part. (You may have heard of that petty movie — it's called Gone with the Wind.) Nonetheless, MGM'due south musical fantasy may take more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in function to re-releases.
The pic was outset circulate on television receiver on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Magician of Oz is one of the 10 virtually-watched characteristic-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual television receiver screenings, theater viewings and diverse format re-releases.
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